What is Photogrammetry :

Photogrammetry is the technique of measuring objects (2D or 3D) from photo-Grammes. We say commonly photographs, but it may be also imagery stored electronically on tape or disk taken by video or CCD cameras or radiation sensors such as scanners.

The results can be in many forms :

•  Co-ordinates of the required object-points


•  Topographical and thematical maps and


•  Rectified photographs (Ortho-Photo)

Photogrammetry projects range from large-scale mapping over hundreds of miles to close-range records of miniature models and sets for the film industry. We provide contour data for the forest industry, digital elevation models for engineering projects and Landbase physical features to be used in GIS. Our Photogrammetric facility in Mumbai is equipped with modern digital Photogrammetric equipment.

Our Photogrammetry services include :

•  Stereo compilation


•  Ortho-rectification


•  Aerial triangulation


•  Feature extraction


•  DTM compilation


•  Project design and specification

Integral Systems has rich experience and expertise in production of Landbase maps, digital Photogrammetry and other related GIS requirements. We can service the information to you in a variety of formats for use in most current GIS and CAD systems.

In Photogrammetry, important feature is the fact, that the objects are measured without being touched . Therefore, the term „remote sensing“ is used by some authors instead of „Photogrammetry“.

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Principally, Photogrammetry can be divided into:

Depending on the lens-setting :

•  Far range Photogrammetry (with camera distance setting to indefinite), and


•  Close range Photogrammetry (with camera distance settings to finite values).

Another grouping can be :

•  Aerial Photogrammetry (which is mostly far range Photogrammetry), and


•  Terrestrial Photogrammetry (mostly close range Photogrammetry).

The applications of Photogrammetry are widely spread. Principally, it is utilized for object interpretation and object measurement.

Photogrammetry is mainly used to produce topographical or thematical maps and digital terrain models. Among the users of close-range Photogrammetry are architects and civil engineers (to supervise buildings, document their current state, deformations or damages), archaeologists, surgeons (plastic surgery) or police departments (documentation of traffic accidents and crime scenes), just to mention a few.

Photogrammetry is used by the mapping industry to extract both 2D and 3D geographic information from aerial photographs and an array of survey parameters.

Creating 3D models to the highest accuracy and detail means that we have gained invaluable experience in Photogrammetry work and we are able to apply this technology to a host of related causes, including:

•  Conventional 2D maps from Ortho-rectified imagery


•  Terrain maps or contour maps


•  Models for flood modelling


•  Surveying for new roads, in particular in hilly areas


•  Height models for noise and pollution studies


•  Telecoms mast installations


•  Pipeline routings